Ostomy surgery is performed to establish an opening or stoma from a location in the body's interior to the outside. It mostly addresses problems of the urinary or digestive systems. An ostomy can be either permanent or temporary. In some situations, an organ must be permanently detached or removed. When an organ or a specific component of the body heals over time and is not removed, the ostomy is transient. Ostomies affect organs such as the colon, small intestine, bladder, and rectum. Waste must be directed outside the body by several techniques while executing an ostomy. This procedure of draining wastes from the body is known as ostomy drainage, and it employs an ostomy drainage bag as a disposal bag. Bowel movements after an ostomy occur via the opening or stoma produced in the abdomen.
This process's equipment consists of a bag and a wafer. The wafer is bonded to the abdominal wall with an adhesive and a plastic substance. The bag's principal function is to retrieve and hold the feces. These drainage bags are replaceable and may be emptied or changed as needed.
Ostomy is classified into three categories, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: ileostomy, colostomy, and urostomy. The base of the ileum or small intestine is linked to the opening or stoma in an ileostomy. This is used to the anus, colon, and rectum. The colon is connected to the stoma in colostomy, bypassing the anus and rectum. The pipes that transport urine are attached to the stoma in urostomy, allowing the bladder to be bypassed.